Piston for explosion engines or motors.



E. O. SPILLMAN & L. P. MOOERS.

PISTON FOR EXPLOSION ENGINES OR MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED JULYYIB, 191s.

1,092,870., Patented Apr. 14, 1914.

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EDWARD 0. SPILLMAN AND LOUIS P. MOOERS, OF NORTH TONAWANDA, NEW YORK.

PISTON FOR EXPLOSION ENGINES'OR MOTORS.

Specification of Letters latent.

Patented Apr. 1a, rail.

Application filed July 18, 1918. Serial No. 779,757.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, EDWARD O. SPILL- uan and LOUIS P. Moonns, citizens of the United States, residing at North Tonawanda, in the county of Niagara and State As ordinarily constructed, the head and the body of the piston are integral or continuous, and the head, which is subjected to the full heat of the gas, transmits the same to the body. The resulting expansion of the body causes the same to bind in the cylinder, scoring or grooving the latter in time, or if the piston-body is fitted loosely enough to avoid scoring, it rattles in the cylinder and fails to compress the explosive mixture to the proper degree, impairing the efiiciency of the motor.

It is the object of our invention to so construct the piston that the conduction or transmission of heat from the head to the body or guide portion of the piston ,is reduced to a minimum. Expansion of the body is thus diminished practically to that of the cylinder and thebody may be closely fitted therein, thereby obtaining themaximum etficiency of the motor, avoiding rattling of the piston, and at the .same time preventing scoring ,of the cylinder.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a motor provided with the improved piston. Figs. 2 and 3 are longitudinal sections of the piston on the correspondingly numbered lines in Fig. 4, the packing rings being omitted. Fig. 4 is a transverse section thereof on line 4-4, Fig. 2.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

1 indicates a motor cylinder of any ordinary construction, the cylinder forming no part of our invention.

indicates the body or guide-portion of the piston, and 3 the head or front portion thereof which is shown as having the customary annular grooves 4 for receiving the usual packing rings 5.

The wall of the head, instead of belng int-egral or continuous with the wall of the body, is isolated or'separated from it by a gap or space 6 of suitable width to avoid or minimize transmission of the heat from said head-section to said body or guide-section and thereby prevent objectionable expansion of the latter. This ga may be produced by a saw cut made after machining and before grinding the piston.

The head and guide sections of the transversely-divided piston are tied together by any suitable connection, that shown in the drawings consisting of a tubular longitudinal web 7 arranged within the hollow sections and cast in one piece therewith.

In the construction illustrated in the drawings, the web is separated from the surrounding walls of the head and. guide sections by a comparatively wide space, and the upper end of this connecting web joins the back of the head section, while its lower end joins the guide-section near its lower end or at a point remote from the non-conducting gap 6, whereby the amount ofheat transmitted through the web from the head to the guide-section is reduced to a negligible degree, not only on account of from the gap, but because the web is constantly cooled by the large volume of oil in the crank case. To permit circulation of the lubricant through the web and also reduce the Weight of the piston, the web may be provided in opposite sides with openings 8, but these openings are not essential and the web may be imperforate, if desired. Oil holes or channels 9 may also be extended through the guide-section above the lower end of the web, as shown.

10 indicates the usual connecting rod of the motor and 11 the wrist-pin journaled in suitable bearings 12, which in the preferred construction shown, are integral with the web 8, as seen in Fig. 2. Opposite and in line with these hearings the guide-section may be provided with openings 13 for lubrieating purposes.

The guide-section 2 is of the proper diameter to closely fit the cylinder and obtain the maximum efficiency of the motor, while the head-section 3 is sufliciently smaller in diameter than the guide-section to remain out of contact with the cylinder-wall under the maximum expansion of the head-section; this close fit of the guide section being permitted without danger of scoring the cylinder, by reason of the isolation of its wall the remoteness of the lower end of the web or skirt from the wall of the head-section, which prevents undue expansion of the guide-section, as hereinbefore described. The body-section is long or extensive relative to the head-section and acts as a guide or cross-head therefor which receives all the side thrust of the connecting rod and keeps the head-section out of contact with the cylinder-wall at all times, causing it to operate freely and noiselessly.

As shown, the guide-section is extended forwardly Or upwardly beyond the wrist-pin and in practice preferably terminates about a sixteenth of an inch short of the inner end of the head-section to leave the isolating gap 6. 4

This improved construction combines the important advantages of maximum engine efliciency, smooth and noiseless action of the piston and non-scoring of the cylinder; and these are obtained by simple means which do not materially increase the cost of the piston.

Preferably the upper edge of the-piston body is beveled or inclined toward the axis of the piston, as shown at 14, while the lower edge of the piston-head is beveled in the reverse direction, as shown at 15. By this construction, on the upward stroke of the piston the lower beveled edge 14. deflects or crowds the surplus oil back into the piston, while on its downward stroke, the upper beveled edge 15 performs the same function.

We claim as our invention:

1. A piston comprising a head-section, a guide-section having its peripheral wall isolated from the corresponding wall of the head-section by a non-conducting gap ex- .tending practically around the piston, the

guide-section being relatively longto form a cross head, and means connecting said sections.

2. A piston comprising a head-section, a guide-section forming across head and having its wall isolated from the wall of the head-section by a narrow non-conducting gap, and means-connecting said sections.

3. A piston comprising a head-section, a separate guide-section therefor, means connecting said sections, and a wrist-pin bear ing, the wall of the guide-section extending forwardly beyond the wrist-pin bearing and terminating short of said head-section to leave a non-conducting gap between said sections.

4. A piston comprising a head-section, a

ide-section having its wall isolated from the wall of the head-section by a narrow nonconducting gap, and a web arranged lengthwise within said guide and head-sections and connecting the same, said web being 10- ca ted at a distance from the walls of said sections.

A piston comprising a head-section, a relatively long guide-section having its wall isolated from the wall of the head-section by a non-conducting gap, and an internal web connecting said sections and joining the guide-section at a point remote from said gap.

(3. A piston comprising a head-section, a guide-section isolated from the head-section by a non-conducting gap, said guide-section being provided in opposite sides with openings, an internal web connecting said headsection with the guide-section, and wrist-pin bearings mounted on said web in line with said openings and isolated from the wall of the guide-section and the edges of said openings. I

7. A piston comprising a guide-section, a head-section isolated from the guide section by a non-conducting gap, and a tubular web arranged within said sections and connecting the same, the web being provided with one or more oil openings.

8. A piston comprising a guide-section, a head-section isolated from the guide-section by a non-conducting gap, and an internal tubular web connectingsaid sections and separated from the surrounding piston-wall, said wall being provided with oil holes.

9. A piston comprising a guide-section, a

head-section separated therefrom by a gap,

and means within the piston connecting said sections, that end of the guide-section forming the rear edge of said gap being provided with an oil deflecting face.

10. A piston comprising a uide-section, a head-section separated theret rom by a gap, and means within the piston connecting said sections, that end of the guide-section forming the rear edge of said gap being beveled to slope toward the axis of the piston.

l1. A piston comprising a guide-section, a head-section separated therefrom by a gap, and means within the piston connecting said sections, the adjacent ends of the said sections being beveled inwardly in opposite directions.

Witness our hands this 11th day of July,

EDWARD O. SPILLMAN. LOUIS P. MOOERS. Witnesses C. F. GEYER, E. M. GRAHAM. 

